DMI (Desktop Management Interface) — интерфейс (API), позволяющий программному обеспечению собирать данные о характеристиках компьютера.
Dmidecode - программа для linux, позволяющая работать с DMI. Можно получить информацию о:

• bios
• system
• baseboard
• chassis
• processor
• memory
• cache
• connector
• slot

apt-get install dmidecode

dmidecode --type BIOS
# dmidecode 2.9
 SMBIOS 2.4 present.
 Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
 BIOS Information
 Vendor: Award Software International, Inc.
 Version: F6
 Release Date: 11/04/2009
 Address: 0xE0000
 Runtime Size: 128 kB
 ROM Size: 1024 kB
 Characteristics:
 PCI is supported
 PNP is supported
 APM is supported
 BIOS is upgradeable
 BIOS shadowing is allowed
 Boot from CD is supported
 Selectable boot is supported
 EDD is supported
 5.25"/360 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
 3.5"/720 KB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
 3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
 Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
 Serial services are supported (int 14h)
 Printer services are supported (int 17h)
 CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
 ACPI is supported
 USB legacy is supported
 LS-120 boot is supported
 ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported
 BIOS boot specification is supported
 Targeted content distribution is supported
 Handle 0x0018, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
 BIOS Language Information
 Installable Languages: 3
 n|US|iso8859-1
 n|US|iso8859-1
 r|CA|iso8859-1
 Currently Installed Language: n|US|iso8859-1 

dmidecode --type baseboard
# dmidecode 2.9
 SMBIOS 2.4 present.
 Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes
 Base Board Information
 Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
 Product Name: G41M-ES2L
 Version: x.x
 Serial Number:

dmidecode --type processor
# dmidecode 2.9
 SMBIOS 2.4 present.
 Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 35 bytes
 Processor Information
 Socket Designation: Socket 775
 Type: Central Processor
 Family: Other
 Manufacturer: Intel
 ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BF
 Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6
 Voltage: 1.0 V
 External Clock: 266 MHz
 Max Speed: 4000 MHz
 Current Speed: 2800 MHz
 Status: Populated, Enabled
 Upgrade: Socket 478
 L1 Cache Handle: 0x000A
 L2 Cache Handle: 0x000B
 L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided
 Serial Number:
 Asset Tag:
 Part Number:
 

dmidecode --type memory
# dmidecode 2.9
 SMBIOS 2.4 present.
 Handle 0x0005, DMI type 5, 24 bytes
 Memory Controller Information
 Error Detecting Method: 8-bit Parity
 Error Correcting Capabilities:
 None
 Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave
 Current Interleave: One-way Interleave
 Maximum Memory Module Size: 1024 MB
 Maximum Total Memory Size: 4096 MB
 Supported Speeds:
 Other
 Supported Memory Types:
 Other
 Memory Module Voltage: 5.0 V
 Associated Memory Slots: 4
 0x0006
 0x0007
 0x0008
 0x0009
 Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities:
 None
 Handle 0x0006, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
 Memory Module Information
 Socket Designation: A0
 Bank Connections: 1
 Current Speed: Unknown
 Type: Other
 Installed Size: 2048 MB (Single-bank Connection)
 Enabled Size: 2048 MB (Single-bank Connection)
 Error Status: OK
 Handle 0x0007, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
 Memory Module Information
 Socket Designation: A1
 Bank Connections: 2
 Current Speed: Unknown
 Type: Unknown
 Installed Size: Not Installed
 Enabled Size: Not Installed
 Error Status: OK
 Handle 0x0008, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
 Memory Module Information
 Socket Designation: A2
 Bank Connections: 3
 Current Speed: Unknown
 Type: Other
 Installed Size: 2048 MB (Single-bank Connection)
 Enabled Size: 2048 MB (Single-bank Connection)
 Error Status: OK
 Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
 Memory Module Information
 Socket Designation: A3
 Bank Connections: 4
 Current Speed: Unknown
 Type: Unknown
 Installed Size: Not Installed
 Enabled Size: Not Installed
 Error Status: OK
 Handle 0x0019, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
 Physical Memory Array
 Location: System Board Or Motherboard
 Use: System Memory
 Error Correction Type: None
 Maximum Capacity: 4 GB
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Number Of Devices: 4
 Handle 0x001A, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
 Memory Device
 Array Handle: 0x0019
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Total Width: 64 bits
 Data Width: 64 bits
 Size: 2048 MB
 Form Factor: DIMM
 Set: None
 Locator: A0
 Bank Locator: Bank0/1
 Type: Unknown
 Type Detail: None
 Speed: 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
 Manufacturer:
 Serial Number:
 Asset Tag:
 Part Number:
 Handle 0x001B, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
 Memory Device
 Array Handle: 0x0019
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Total Width: Unknown
 Data Width: Unknown
 Size: No Module Installed
 Form Factor: DIMM
 Set: None
 Locator: A1
 Bank Locator: Bank2/3
 Type: Unknown
 Type Detail: None
 Speed: Unknown
 Manufacturer:
 Serial Number:
 Asset Tag:
 Part Number:
 Handle 0x001C, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
 Memory Device
 Array Handle: 0x0019
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Total Width: 64 bits
 Data Width: 64 bits
 Size: 2048 MB
 Form Factor: DIMM
 Set: None
 Locator: A2
 Bank Locator: Bank4/5
 Type: Unknown
 Type Detail: None
 Speed: 800 MHz (1.2 ns)
 Manufacturer:
 Serial Number:
 Asset Tag:
 Part Number:
 Handle 0x001D, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
 Memory Device
 Array Handle: 0x0019
 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
 Total Width: Unknown
 Data Width: Unknown
 Size: No Module Installed
 Form Factor: DIMM
 Set: None
 Locator: A3
 Bank Locator: Bank6/7
 Type: Unknown
 Type Detail: None
 Speed: Unknown
 Manufacturer:
 Serial Number:
 Asset Tag:
 Part Number:

dmidecode --type connector
# dmidecode 2.9
 SMBIOS 2.4 present.
 Handle 0x000C, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: PRIMARY IDE
 Internal Connector Type: On Board IDE
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: None
 Port Type: Other
 Handle 0x000D, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: SECONDARY IDE
 Internal Connector Type: On Board IDE
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: None
 Port Type: Other
 Handle 0x000E, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: FDD
 Internal Connector Type: On Board Floppy
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: None
 Port Type: 8251 FIFO Compatible
 Handle 0x000F, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: COM1
 Internal Connector Type: 9 Pin Dual Inline (pin 10 cut)
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: DB-9 male
 Port Type: Serial Port 16450 Compatible
 Handle 0x0010, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: COM2
 Internal Connector Type: 9 Pin Dual Inline (pin 10 cut)
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: DB-9 male
 Port Type: Serial Port 16450 Compatible
 Handle 0x0011, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: LPT1
 Internal Connector Type: DB-25 female
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: DB-25 female
 Port Type: Parallel Port ECP/EPP
 Handle 0x0012, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: Keyboard
 Internal Connector Type: Other
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: PS/2
 Port Type: Keyboard Port
 Handle 0x0013, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: PS/2 Mouse
 Internal Connector Type: PS/2
 External Reference Designator: No Detected
 External Connector Type: PS/2
 Port Type: Mouse Port
 Handle 0x0014, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: USB
 Internal Connector Type: None
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
 Port Type: USB
 Handle 0x0015, DMI type 8, 9 bytes
 Port Connector Information
 Internal Reference Designator: USB
 Internal Connector Type: None
 External Reference Designator:
 External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB)
 Port Type: USB